A biomarker (short for biological marker) is an objective measure that captures what is happening in a cell or an organism at a given moment. Biomarkers can serve as early warning systems for your health.

Which biomarkers are currently used - mmp9 lacritin osmolarity IgE lactoferrin and the future for new biomarkers.

MMP-9, or Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, is an enzyme belonging to a family of proteins known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes play a role in breaking down components of the extracellular matrix, which is the complex network of proteins and carbohydrates that provide structural support to tissues and organs in the body. MMP-9 specifically targets and degrades various components of the extracellular matrix, and its activity is important for processes like tissue remodeling, wound healing, and immune responses. However, dysregulation of MMP-9 can also contribute to pathological conditions, such as inflammation and tissue damage.

Common symptoms of dry eyes include persistent dryness and discomfort in the eyes, a gritty or sandy sensation, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and excessive tearing as a reflex response to dryness.

Dry eyes can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination, including an assessment of your symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle. Specialized tests, such as tear production measurement, tear film stability evaluation, and MMP-9 testing, can also be used to accurately diagnose the condition.

Dry eyes can be caused by various factors, including reduced tear production, increased tear evaporation, or an imbalance in the composition of tears. Common causes include aging, prolonged screen time, certain medications, medical conditions (e.g., Sjögren's syndrome), environmental factors, and hormonal changes.

Yes, there are several effective treatments for dry eyes, depending on the severity and underlying cause. Common treatments include artificial tear drops, lubricating ointments, prescription eye drops, and in-office procedures like punctal plugs to retain tears. Lifestyle changes and managing contributing factors can also help alleviate symptoms.

If left untreated, chronic dry eyes can potentially lead to more severe eye health issues. The constant irritation and inflammation can damage the surface of the eyes, increasing the risk of infections and corneal abrasions. Seeking timely and appropriate treatment is essential to prevent any further complications.